Email this article 
Teachers’ Code Mixing and Code Switching: Insights on Language Barriers in EFL Classroom
Abstract
This study aims to investigate code mixing and code switching used by English teachers in EFL classrooms. There are two major focuses in this study; the type of dominant code mixing and code switching used by the teachers. A qualitative study was used where the data were teachers’ language classroom gained by observing their classroom practices and utterances obtained through in-depth interviews. The result shows that there were three kinds of code mixing found in teachers’ and students’ utterances in EFL classroom. They were intra-sentential code mixing, intra-lexical code mixing, and pronunciation shifting. The study also found that there were four kinds of code switching found in teachers’ and students’ utterances. They were random mixing, English-Indonesian translation or vice versa, English precedes Indonesian or vice versa, and English sentences precede Indonesian sentences or vice versa. It indicated that code mixing and code switching cannot be separated in English language teaching and learning process. This study has proved that the English teachers used code mixing and code switching in teaching speaking in some types.
Keywords
10.15548/jt.v27i1.606
Abstract view : 3371 times
PDF : 2136 times
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adjei, A. A., & Ewusi-Mensah, L. (2019). Code-Switching And Code-Mixing among University Lecturers In Formal Interactions With Students. Journal of Language and Linguistics, 6.
Akhtar, H., Khan, A., & Fareed, M. (2016). Code-mixing and code-switching in EFL/ESL context: A sociolinguistic approach. Balochistan Journal of Linguistics, 4, 29–42.
Al-Azami, S. (2006). Linguistic Manipulations in the Bengali Language by the Bangladeshis in Manchester. South Asian Cultural Studies, 1(1), 53–59.
Ansar, F. A. (2017). Code Switching and Code Mixing in Teaching-Learning Process. English Education: Jurnal Tadris Bahasa Inggris, 10(1), 29–45.
Atkinson, E. S. (2000). An investigation into the relationship between teacher motivation and pupil motivation. Educational Psychology,
(1), 45–57.
Ayeomoni, M. O. (2006). Code-switching and code-mixing: Style of language use in childhood in Yoruba speech community. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 15(1).
Baker, A., & Van den Bogaerde, B. (2008). Code-mixing in signs and words in input to and output from children. Sign Bilingualism: Language Development, Interaction, and Maintenance in Sign Language Contact Situations, 1–27.
Bali, K., Sharma, J., Choudhury, M., & Vyas, Y. (2014). “I am borrowing ya mixing?" An Analysis of English-Hindi Code Mixing in Facebook. Proceedings of the First Workshop on Computational Approaches to Code Switching, 116–126.
Berent, G. P. (2004). Sign language-spoken language bilingualism: Code mixing and mode mixing by ASL-English bilinguals. The Handbook of Bilingualism, 312–335.
Bernardini, P., & Schlyter, S. (2004). Growing syntactic structure and code-mixing in the weaker language: The Ivy Hypothesis. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 7(1), 49–69.
Bin Tahir, S. Z. (2015). Multilingual behavior of Pesantren IMMIM students in Makassar. Asian EFL Journal, 86, 45–64.
Cahyani, H., de Courcy, M., & Barnett, J. (2018). Teachers’ code-switching in bilingual classrooms: Exploring pedagogical and sociocultural functions. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 21(4), 465–479.
Clyne, M., Hunt, C. R., & Isaakidis, T. (2004). Learning a community language as a third language. International Journal of Multilingualism, 1(1), 33–52.
Cohen, A. D. (2010). Focus on the language learner: Styles, strategies and motivation. An Introduction to Applied Linguistics, 2, 161–178.
Cohn, A. C., & Ravindranath, M. (2014). Local languages in Indonesia: Language maintenance or language shift. Linguistik Indonesia, 32(2), 131–148.
Coleman, H. (2011). Allocating resources for English: The case of Indonesia’s English medium international standard schools. Dreams and Realities: Developing Countries and the English Language, 87–111.
Dörnyei, Z. (2000). Motivation in action: Towards a process-oriented conceptualisation of student motivation. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70(4), 519–538.
Gabillon, Z. (2012). Revisiting foreign language teacher beliefs.
Genesee, F., & Nicoladis, E. (2007). Bilingual first language acquisition. Handbook of Language Development, 324–342.
Hamied, F. A. (2012). English in multicultural and multilingual Indonesian education. In English as an international language in Asia: Implications for language education (pp. 63–78). Springer.
Hawanti, S. (2014). Implementing Indonesia’s English language teaching policy in primary schools: The role of teachers’ knowledge and beliefs. International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning, 9(2), 162–170.
Indah, R. N. (2017). Critical thinking, writing performance and topic familiarity of Indonesian EFL learners. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 8(2), 229–236.
Kamiya, M. (2006). The role of communicative competence in L2 learning. Sophia Junior College Faculty Bulletin, 26, 63–87.
Kirkpatrick, A. (2011). English as an Asian lingua franca and the multilingual model of ELT. Language Teaching, 44(2), 212–224.
Lamb, M., & Coleman, H. (2008). Literacy in English and the transformation of self and society in post-Soeharto Indonesia. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 11(2), 189–205.
Lauder, A. (2010). The status and function of English in Indonesia: A review of key factors. Hubs-Asia, 10(1).
Little, D. (2007). Language learner autonomy: Some fundamental considerations revisited. International Journal of Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 1(1), 14–29.
Mistar, J. (2005). Teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) in Indonesia. Teaching English to the World: History, Curriculum, and Practice, 75–85.
Muysken, P., & Muysken, P. C. (2000). Bilingual speech: A typology of code-mixing. Cambridge University Press.
Parks, L., & Guay, R. P. (2009). Personality, values, and motivation. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(7), 675–684.
Pasaribu, J. F. (n.d.). Code Switching in Teaching English in SMK SwastaTeladan Medan.
Pedersen, S., & Liu, M. (2003). Teachers’ beliefs about issues in the implementation of a student-centered learning environment. Educational Technology Research and Development, 51(2), 57.
Pratiwi, W. A. (2012). Diskriminasi perempuan dalam berita harian Surya: Kajian Wacana Kritis. Surakarta: FKIP Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Rasman, R. (2018). To translanguage or not to translanguage? The multilingual practice in an Indonesian EFL classroom. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 7(3), 687–694.
Saddhono, K., & Rohmadi, M. (2014). A Sociolinguistics Study on the Use of the Javanese Language in the Learning Process in Primary Schools in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. International Education Studies, 7(6), 25–30.
Savignon, S. J. (2008). Interpreting communicative language teaching: Contexts and concerns in teacher education. Yale University Press.
Savignon, S. J. (2018). Communicative competence. The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching, 1–7.
Tanveer, M. (2007). Investigation of the factors that cause language anxiety for ESL/EFL learners in learning speaking skills and the influence it casts on communication in the target language. University of Glasgow, Scotland.
Van den Bogaerde, B., & Baker, A. (2005). Code mixing in mother–child interaction in deaf families. Sign Language & Linguistics, 8(1–2), 153–176.
Wardhaugh, R. (2011). An introduction to sociolinguistics (Vol. 28). John Wiley & Sons.
Waris, A. M. (2012). Code switching and mixing (Communication in Learning Language). Jurnal Dakwah Tabligh, 13(1), 123–135.
Yulia, Y. (2014). An evaluation of English language teaching programs in Indonesian junior high schools in the Yogyakarta province.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15548/jt.v27i1.606
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2020 Al-Ta lim Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.