Questioning in the EFL Classroom: Teachers' and Students' Perspectives

Rizqa Fajria, Zulfadli Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Aulia

Abstract


Interaction is one crucial aspect that should occur between teacher and student to achieve learning objectives. Asking questions is one of the ways to get to the interaction. The interaction between teachers and students in the classroom, therefore, needs to examine. This qualitative research aims to analyze teachers' and students’ perspectives on teachers’ questioning. The purpose of this study is to know teachers’ and students’ perspectives on teachers’ questioning in the classroom. The result of this study was analyzed descriptively, and the data were collected by interviewing three teachers and eight students at an Islamic Junior High School in Banda Aceh. Based on the finding of the result, it showed that the teachers and students believe that teachers’ questions are important because teachers’ questions help teachers check their students understanding, motivate students in speaking practice, and motivate students in learning. The findings of this research help teachers realize that teachers' questions are important, so the teachers can use a proper type of questioning in the classroom. Furthermore, the teachers can build more interaction and help students to get more understanding and critical thinking. Finally, the researcher offers some implications and recommendations derived from this study. First, recommend that the teacher ask more high-order questioning in the classroom. Second, employing questioning strategies throughout the entire lesson. The third, paying attention to all students.

Keywords


EFL classroom; questions; teacher questioning.

10.15548/jt.v31i3.922 Abstract view : 1256 times PDF : 551 times

Full Text:

PDF

References


Aflalo, E. (2021). Students generating questions as a way of learning. Active Learning in Higher Education, 22(1), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787418769120

Al-Zahrani, M. Y., & Al-Bargi, A. (2017). The Impact of Teacher Questioning on Creating Interaction in EFL: A Discourse Analysis. English Language Teaching, 10(6), 135–150.

Aprina, N. D., & Andriyanti, E. (2020). Teachers’ questions in elementary school English learning: Types and functions. Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 5(2), 339.

Ashwin, P., Boud, D., Calkins, S., Coate, K., Hallett, F., Light, G., Luckett, K., McArthur, J., MacLaren, I., & McLean, M. (2020). Reflective teaching in higher education. Bloomsbury Academic.

Astrid, A., Amrina, R. D., Desvitasari, D., FITRIANI, U., & SHAHAB, A. (2019a). The power of questioning: Teacher’s questioning strategies in the EFL classrooms. Indonesian Research Journal in Education| IRJE|, 91–106.

Ayouni, N. (2022). Teachers’ Display and Referential Questions in Speaking Class: A Descriptive Study at UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh. Journal of English Teaching and Linguistics, 3(1), 42–59.

Azerefegn, K. (2008). A study on the types of teacher questions and questioning strategies. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Addis Ababa University Institute of Language Studies.

Barjesteh, H., & Moghadam, B. A. (2014). Teacher questions and questioning strategies revised: A case study in EFL classroom in Iran. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 4(2), 651–659.

Buck, C., Bulian, J., Ciaramita, M., Gajewski, W., Gesmundo, A., Houlsby, N., & Wang, W. (2018). Ask the Right Questions: Active Question Reformulation with Reinforcement Learning (No. arXiv:1705.07830). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1705.07830

Chin, C., & Osborne, J. (2008). Students’ questions: A potential resource for teaching and learning science. Studies in Science Education, 44(1), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057260701828101

Ciptaningrum, D. S., Putro, N. H. P. S., Sari, N. K., & Hasanuddin, N. (2021). Evaluation of learning process: Knowledge of ICT integration among pre-service English language teachers. REID (Research and Evaluation in Education), 7(1), 46–56.

Clough, M. P., & Herman, B. C. (2017). The role of history and nature of science in climate change teaching and learning. In Teaching and learning about climate change (pp. 15–28). Routledge.

Connor Desai, S., & Reimers, S. (2019). Comparing the use of open and closed questions for Web-based measures of the continued-influence effect. Behavior Research Methods, 51(3), 1426–1440. https://doi.org/10.3758/

s13428-018-1066-z

Cotton, K. (2001). Teaching Thinking Skills. School Improvement Research Series (SIRS), Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory, Portland.

Craig, J. V. (2019). How to ask the right question. Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing, 16.

Dos, B., Bay, E., Aslansoy, C., Tiryaki, B., Cetin, N., & Duman, C. (2016). An analysis of teachers questioning strategies. Educational Research and Reviews, 11(22), 2065–2078.

Duran, D. (2017). Learning-by-teaching. Evidence and implications as a pedagogical mechanism. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 54(5), 476–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2016.1156011

Erlinda, R., & Dewi, S. R. (2016). Teacher’s questions in EFL classroom. Ta’dib, 17(2), 177–188.

Feng, Z. (2013). Using Teacher Questions to Enhance EFL Students’ Critical Thinking Ability. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 2(2), 147–153.

Frazier, S., & Brown, H. D. (2001). Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. TESOL Quarterly, 35(2), 341. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587655

Fuchs, L. S., Schumacher, R. F., Sterba, S. K., Long, J., Namkung, J., Malone, A., Hamlett, C. L., Jordan, N. C., Gersten, R., & Siegler, R. S. (2014). Does working memory moderate the effects of fraction intervention? An aptitude–treatment interaction. Journal of Educational Psychology, 106(2), 499.

Gardner, R. (2019). Classroom Interaction Research: The State of the Art. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 52(3), 212–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2019.1631037

Gervasio, M., Yeh, E., & Myers, K. (2011). Learning to ask the right questions to help a learner learn. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, 135–144. https://doi.org/10.1145/1943403.1943425

Hasanuddin, N., & Ciptaningrum, D. S. (2021). Types of English teachers’ questioning and classroom interaction affecting learners’ motivation in EFL context. Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 6(2), 455–472.

Huriyah, S., & Agustiani, M. (2018). An analysis of English teacher and learner talk in the classroom interaction. Linguistic, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal, 2(1), 60–71.

Irawati, L., Nirmalasari, U. R., & Styati, E. W. (2021). Teacher’s Questioning Strategies Used in the English Speaking Class of Junior High School. Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics, 6(2), 359–369.

Johnson, B. (2021). Better Questioning for Better Learning: Strategies for Engaged Thinking. Routledge.

Kalantari, R. (2009). Techniques for Classroom Interaction. International Journal of Language Studies, 3(4).

Kalsoom, A., Batool, H., & Irshad, S. (2021). Effectiveness of Referential and Display Questions in Classroom Interactions. Ilkogretim Online, 20(5), 7023–7031.

Kao, S.-M., & Weng, W. (2012a). Do you understand?”: An analysis of native and non-native EFL teachers’ questioning patterns at a Taiwanese cram school. Asian EFL Journal, 14(4), 39–68.

Kawalkar, A., & Vijapurkar, J. (2013). Scaffolding Science Talk: The role of teachers’ questions in the inquiry classroom. International Journal of Science Education, 35(12), 2004–2027. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2011.604684

Ladson-Billings, G. (2011). Asking the right questions. Studying Diversity in Teacher Education, 385–398.

Lindawati, L. (2016). Indonesian interrogative sentences: A study of forms and functions. Humaniora, 28(3), 348–357.

Marhaeni, A. I. N., Dantes, N., & Paramartha, A. Y. (2018). Teacher assessment literacy: Discrepancies in authentic assessment practice in EFL context. ICEAP 2019, 2, 18–21.

McCarthy, P., Sithole, A., McCarthy, P., Cho, J., & Gyan, E. (2016). Teacher questioning strategies in mathematical classroom discourse: A case study of two grade eight teachers in Tennessee, USA. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(21), 80–89.

McComas, W. F. (2004). Keys to teaching the nature of science. The Science Teacher, 71(9), 24.

Navtria, S., Mulyadi, M., & Puspita, H. (2020a). An analysis of professional teachers’ questions in EFL classroom. Jadila: Journal of Development and Innovation in Language and Literature Education, 1(1), 85–96.

Nurpahmi, S. (2017). Teacher talk in classroom interaction. ETERNAL (English, Teaching, Learning, and Research Journal), 3(1), 34–43.

Omari, H. A. (2018). Analysis of the types of classroom questions which Jordanian English language teachers ask. Modern Applied Science, 12(4), 1–12.

Özerk, K. (2001). Teacher?Student Verbal Interaction and Questioning, Class Size and Bilingual Students’ Academic Performance. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 45(4), 353–367. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313830120096761

Pangbourne, K., Mladenovi?, M. N., Stead, D., & Milakis, D. (2020). Questioning mobility as a service: Unanticipated implications for society and governance. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 131, 35–49.

Pollard, A., Wyse, D., Craig, A., Daly, C., Harmey, S., Hayward, L., Higgins, S., McCrory, A., & Seleznyov, S. (2023). Reflective teaching in primary schools. Bloomsbury Publishing.

Qizi, M. M. Q. (2024). The Functions Of Sentence Types In The English Language. Ta’lim Innovatsiyasi va Integratsiyasi, 32(3), 74–82.

Rachmawaty, N., & Ariani, S. (2019). Investigating the Types of teacher questions in EFL secondary classroom. Sixth of International Conference on English Language and Teaching (ICOELT 2018), 40–49.

Rahmah, Z. (2018). An Analysis of Teacher’s Display Questions and Referential Question in Eleventh Grade at MAN Insan Cendekia Jambi. Jurnal An Analysis Of Teacher’s Display Questions And Referential Question In Eleventh Grade At Man Insan Cendekia Jambi.

Ren, X., Yin, H., Chen, T., Wang, H., Huang, Z., & Zheng, K. (2021). Learning to Ask Appropriate Questions in Conversational Recommendation. Proceedings of the 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 808–817. https://doi.org/10.1145/3404835.3462839

Richards, J. C., & Lockhart, C. (1994). Reflective teaching in second language classrooms. Cambridge university press.

Rodriguez-Valls, F. (2014). Reflective teaching: Theory within classroom practices. Teaching Education, 25(3), 294–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/10476210.2014.889669

Rosenshine, B. (2012). Principles of instruction: Research-based strategies that all teachers should know. American Educator, 36(1), 12.

Rothstein, D., & Santana, L. (2011). Make just one change: Teach students to ask their own questions. Harvard Education Press.

Safitri, A. (2021). Teacher’s Questions and Students’ Responses in EFL Classroom Interaction. Eighth International Conference on English Language and Teaching (ICOELT-8 2020), 60–62.

Sagita, I. (2018). Teacher talk and learner talk in the classroom interaction (An interaction analysis to an English language class at SMP N 2 Sindang). Wiralodra English Journal (WEJ), 2(1), 98–106.

Salerno, A. S., & Kibler, A. K. (2015). Questions they ask: Considering teacher-inquiry questions posed by pre-service English teachers. Educational Action Research, 23(3), 399–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650792.2015.1012174

Scrivener, J. (2012). Classroom management techniques. Cambridge University Press.

Sert, O. (2019). Classroom interaction and language teacher education. In The Routledge handbook of English language teacher education (pp. 216–238). Routledge.

Tawfik, A. A., Graesser, A., Gatewood, J., & Gishbaugher, J. (2020). Role of questions in inquiry-based instruction: Towards a design taxonomy for question-asking and implications for design. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(2), 653–678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09738-9

Tofade, T., Elsner, J., & Haines, S. T. (2013). Best practice strategies for effective use of questions as a teaching tool. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 77(7), 155.

Walsh, J. A., & Sattes, B. D. (2016). Quality questioning: Research-based practice to engage every learner. Corwin Press.

Wong, M.-Y. (2021). Beyond asking ‘should’ and ‘why’ questions: Contextualised questioning techniques for moral discussions in moral education classes. Journal of Moral Education, 50(3), 368–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2020.1713066

Wong, S. S. H., Lim, K. Y., & Lim, S. W. H. (2023). To ask better questions, teach: Learning-by-teaching enhances research question generation more than retrieval practice and concept-mapping. Journal of Educational Psychology, 115(6), 798.

Wright, B. M. (2016). Display and referential questions: Effects on student responses. Nordic Journal of English Studies, 15(4), 160–189.

Yang, X. (2021). How can EFL teachers make their questions more interactive with students? Interpersonal patterns of teacher questions. System, 99, 102509.

Yessenbayeva, A. M., Yelikbayev, B. K., Abdrahman, G. K., Makulova, L. T., & Serdali, B. K. (2020). Investigating the Communicative Functions of Interrogative Sentences in Dialogue Texts. Media Watch, 11(3), 488–501. https://doi.org/10.15655/mw_2020_v11i3_202934

Zohrabi, M., Yaghoubi-Notash, M., & Khiabani, S. Y. (2014). Teachers’ use of display vs. Referential questions. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 3(2), 96–100.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15548/jt.v31i3.922

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Al-Ta lim Journal

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

View Stats
Al-Ta'lim Journal published by Faculty of Islamic Education and Teacher Training UIN Imam Bonjol Padang

Al-Ta'lim Online Journal
Print ISSN 1410-7546 Online ISSN 2355-7893


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.